Title: 2.3 Protocols
Course: Information and Communication Technology: Module B > Section: Section 2 - Network Addressing Basics

2.3.1 Protocols

Protocols are part of every layer. Each protocol performs separate and specific functions.

Some of the most commonly-used Physical Layer protocols are:

- USB
- EIA RS-232 or serial
- Ethernet physical layer including 10BASE-T, 10BASE2, 10BASE5, 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-TX, and other varieties
- varieties of 802.11 Wireless
- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
- cable
- Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
- T1 and other T-carrier links, and E1 and other E-carrier links
- Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , 3G, 4G, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and other varieties of cellular networks
- Bluetooth

Some of the most commonly used Data Link layer protocols are:

- 802.3 Ethernet
- High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
- 802.11 Wireless
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

2.3.2 Protocols

Some of the most commonly-used Network Layer protocols include:

- IP - Internet Protocol (The primary protocol of the Network layer)
- EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol
- BGP - Border Gateway Protocol
- IGRP - Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
- EIGRP - Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
- IS-IS - Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System
- OSPF - Open Shortest Path First
- RIP - Routing Information Protocol
- ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
- IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol
- IPv4 - Internet Protocol version 4
- IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6
- IPSec - Internet Protocol Security

Ethernet & TCP/IP are the most pervasive LAN protocols.  They are often used together.

2.3.3 Protocols

The common transport layer protocols include:

- Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

The Session Layer has no notable protocols. The common presentation layer protocols listed below deal primarily with syntax:

- Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
- .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, and a variety of others
- .avi, .mov, .mp3, .mp4, .m4v, .webm, and a variety of other audio and video formats

Some of the most commonly-used application layer protocols include the following:

- Telnet, a remote terminal access protocol
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
- Secure Shell (SSH)
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
- Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
- Network Time Protocol (NTP)
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Please complete assignment 2.3.1 in the lab manual.